Depending on soil nutrient availability, which one or more of the following interaction(s) can occur between soil mycorrhizal fungi and plants?
Show Hint
- Parasitism
- Predation
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
The Correct Option is A, C, D
Solution and Explanation
A palatable/harmless species (the mimic) evolves to resemble an unpalatable/toxic model species. Predators that have learned (or evolved) to avoid the model also avoid the mimic \Rightarrow the mimic gains anti-predator protection.
Step 2: Identify the key benefit to the mimic.
Protection is achieved without paying the biochemical/physiological costs of producing toxins or other defenses. Hence option (C) captures the benefit exactly.
Step 3: Eliminate distractors.
(A) Wrong: the mimic \emph{does not} become more toxic; it only \emph{looks} like a toxic model.
(B) Irrelevant: “cooperation” is not central to mimicry.
(D) Not a standard or causal benefit; mimicry targets predation risk, not interspecific resource competition. Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{\text{(C) Increased protection without investing in toxicity}} \]
Top Questions on Ecology
- (a) Indiscriminate human activities such as alien species invasion, fragmentation and habitat loss have accelerated the loss of biodiversity. Justify by taking one example for each.
(b) State the importance of the following:
(i) IUCN Red data list
(ii) Hot spots in conservation of biodiversity - What are decomposers? Give two examples. State how they maintain a balance in an ecosystem.
- Which one of the following gets biomagnified at different levels in a food chain?
- In the food chains given below, select the most efficient food chain in terms of energy:
- Which one or more of the following would make a plant community more susceptible to invasion by exotic plants?
Questions Asked in GATE EY exam
Here are two analogous groups, Group-I and Group-II, that list words in their decreasing order of intensity. Identify the missing word in Group-II.
Abuse \( \rightarrow \) Insult \( \rightarrow \) Ridicule
__________ \( \rightarrow \) Praise \( \rightarrow \) Appreciate
- Which one of the following mechanisms is expected to generate tightly linked genes?
- GATE EY - 2025
- Genetics
- An organization allows its employees to work independently on consultancy projects but charges an overhead on the consulting fee.
The overhead is 20% of the consulting fee if the fee is up to ₹5,00,000.
For higher fees, the overhead is ₹1,00,000 plus 10% of the amount by which the fee exceeds ₹5,00,000.
The government charges a Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 18% on the total amount (i.e., the consulting fee plus the overhead).
An employee of the organization charges this entire amount — that is, the consulting fee, overhead, and tax — to the client.
If the client cannot pay more than ₹10,00,000, what is the maximum consulting fee that the employee can charge? The table lists the top 5 nations according to the number of gold medals won in a tournament; also included are the number of silver and the bronze medals won by them. Based only on the data provided in the table, which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Eight students (P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W) are playing musical chairs. The figure indicates their order of position at the start of the game. They play the game by moving forward in a circle in the clockwise direction.
After the 1st round, the 4th student behind P leaves the game.
After the 2nd round, the 5th student behind Q leaves the game.
After the 3rd round, the 3rd student behind V leaves the game.
After the 4th round, the 4th student behind U leaves the game.
Who all are left in the game after the 4th round?