During sintering of green compacts, densification refers to the elimination of pores and the reduction in total porosity.
This process is governed by the mechanism that allows the atoms to move into the pore spaces, thereby leading to shrinkage. Volume diffusion (or lattice diffusion) is the dominant mechanism responsible for densification.
It allows atoms to migrate from grain boundaries and surfaces into the pores within the compact, reducing voids and increasing the density.
On the other hand:
- Surface diffusion only helps in neck growth without significant densification.
- Recrystallization and adhesion do not contribute significantly to densification during sintering.