Question

Define Ransomware and suggest two methods to prevent such attacks.

Hint:

{Best defense against ransomware:}
Keep secure backups and avoid clicking unknown links or attachments.

Answer 1

Concept: Ransomware is a form of malicious software designed to deny users access to their systems or data until a ransom is paid, typically in cryptocurrency. It is one of the most damaging cyber threats affecting individuals, businesses, and governments. Step 1: {\color{red}What is Ransomware?}
Ransomware works by:

• Encrypting files or locking the system
• Displaying a ransom note demanding payment
• Threatening permanent data loss if payment is not made

Attackers often spread ransomware through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or software vulnerabilities.
Step 2: {\color{red}Prevention Method 1 — Regular Data Backups}
Maintaining frequent backups helps:

• Restore data without paying ransom
• Reduce business downtime

Backups should be stored offline or in secure cloud storage to avoid infection.
Step 3: {\color{red}Prevention Method 2 — Safe Cyber Practices}
Users can minimize risk by:

• Avoiding suspicious email attachments and links
• Keeping operating systems and software updated
• Using antivirus and firewall protection