Question

Define classification of Percussion Instruments.

Hint:

Percussion instruments are mainly Avanaddha (membrane) and Ghana (solid) types—like Mridangam and Ghatam.

Answer 1

In Indian classical music, percussion instruments are classified based on the method of sound production and their role in musical performance. Classification of Percussion Instruments: \begin{enumerate
Avanaddha Vadya: Instruments that produce sound by striking a stretched membrane.

Examples: Mridangam, Tabla, Kanjira, Maddalam
Played using hands, sticks, or fingers.

Ghana Vadya: Instruments that produce sound by being struck directly, without any membrane.

Examples: Ghatam, Jalra, Manjira
These produce a metallic or resonant tone.

Idiophones (Modern Term): Modern classification considers these as self-sounding instruments like cymbals.
Membranophones (Modern Term): Instruments with skin membranes, such as the mridangam and tabla. \end{enumerate Usage: These instruments provide rhythmic support in Carnatic and Hindustani concerts, often showcasing solo improvisation through Tani Avartanam.