Consider the following reactions: Y and Z respectively are:
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Phenol is highly reactive towards electrophilic substitution due to the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group, making it susceptible to nitration and bromination.
To determine the correct identity of Y and Z, let's analyze the given reactions which involve phenol. The suggested reactions could be:
Nitration of phenol: When phenol undergoes nitration in the presence of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, it results in the formation of Picric acid (2,4,6 - Trinitrophenol).
Halogenation of phenol: When phenol reacts with bromine water, it leads to the formation of 2,4,6 - Tribromophenol.
For the nitration reaction: Phenol + HNO3 (Concentrated) → 2,4,6 - Trinitrophenol (Picric acid). For the halogenation reaction: Phenol + Br2 (aq) → 2,4,6 - Tribromophenol.
Therefore, Y is Picric acid (2,4,6 - Trinitrophenol) and Z is 2,4,6 - Tribromophenol.
Compound
Number
Y
Picric acid (2,4,6 - Trinitrophenol)
Z
2,4,6 - Tribromophenol
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Approach Solution -2
Step 1: Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene undergoes hydrolysis under aqueous conditions at 283 K to form phenol:
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} (Y)
\]
Step 2: Nitration of Phenol
Phenol undergoes nitration with concentrated nitric acid, resulting in the formation of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) due to the activating effect of the hydroxyl group:
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 3\text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow 2,4,6-\text{Trinitrophenol} (Z)
\]
Step 3: Bromination of Phenol
When phenol is treated with bromine water, it undergoes electrophilic substitution at the ortho and para positions, leading to 2,4,6-Tribromophenol:
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} + 3\text{Br}_2 \rightarrow 2,4,6-\text{Tribromophenol}
\]
Final Answer:
Thus, the correct answer is Picric acid (2,4,6 – Trinitrophenol) and 2,4,6 – Tribromophenol.
