Question

Consider the following arguments and determine whether they are valid.
A. Either I will get good marks or I will not graduate. If I did not graduate I will go to America. I got good marks. Thus, I would not go to America.
B. Either I will pass the examination or I will not graduate. If I do not graduate I will go to America. I failed. Thus, I will go to America.
C. If I study then I will pass examination. If I do not go to shopping then I will study. But I failed examination. Therefore, I went to shopping.
D. If the mall is free then there is no inflation. If there is no inflation then there are price controls. Since there are price controls, therefore, the mall is free.
Choose the correct valid arguments from the options given below:

• A. A and D only
• B. A, C and D only
• C. A, B and D only
• D. A, B, C and D - II

Hint:

In logical arguments, check if each conclusion follows directly from the premises. Ensure no assumptions are made beyond the stated facts.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

- **A** is valid as it follows the logical sequence: If I did not graduate, I would go to America, but since I got good marks, I did not go to America. - **B** is valid since the argument correctly concludes that I will go to America because I failed. - **C** is invalid because it makes an assumption about shopping being a result of failing the examination. - **D** is valid as it logically follows that if the mall is free, then there must be price controls, making the mall free. Final Answer: \[ \boxed{A \, \text{and} \, D \, \text{only.}} \]