Hydrocarbons are classified into saturated (alkanes) and unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes) based on their bonding. Saturated hydrocarbons have single bonds, while unsaturated ones have double or triple bonds.
Saturated Hydrocarbons: These contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are also known as alkanes and have the general formula \( \text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n+2} \). Examples include Methane, Ethane, etc.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: These contain at least one multiple bond (either a double or triple bond) between carbon atoms:
Alkenes: These have at least one double bond between carbon atoms and follow the general formula \( \text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n} \). An example is Ethene.
Alkynes: These have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms and follow the general formula \( \text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n-2} \). Examples include Ethyne (acetylene) and Propyne.
