Question

Complete the concept map:

Hint:

During the freedom movement, newspapers were not just sources of news but also tools of resistance, reform, and national awakening.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the concept.
The concept map is based on important newspapers published during India’s pre-independence period. These newspapers played a key role in spreading awareness about British rule and promoting the ideas of freedom, reform, and nationalism.
Step 2: Explanation.

• The Hindu: Established in 1878 in Madras (now Chennai), it was a prominent English-language newspaper that supported the cause of Indian nationalism.
  
• Kesari: Founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1881, published in Marathi, it was a powerful medium of nationalist thought.
  
• Amrita Bazar Patrika: Started by the Mitra brothers in 1868, it became one of India’s most influential nationalist newspapers published from Calcutta.
  
• Harijan: Started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1933, it voiced his views on social reform and India’s freedom movement.
  

Step 3: Conclusion.
The major newspapers in the pre-independence period were The Hindu, Kesari, Amrita Bazar Patrika, and Harijan, each contributing to India’s struggle for freedom.