Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent, or products:
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Solution and Explanation
(a) The reaction involves the formation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) from an aldehyde (O) and hydroxylamine (HO-NH2) in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+):
\( O + HO-NH_2 \xrightarrow{H^+} NH_2OH \)
(b) The reaction involves ozonolysis of ethene (CH2=CH2) followed by reductive workup to form formaldehyde (HCHO). Heating (\( \Delta \)) does not change the product further:
\( CH_2=CH_2 \xrightarrow{(i) O_3 (ii) Zn-H_2O} 2HCHO \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{No further change} \)
(c) The reaction involves the conversion of an alcohol (OH) to an alkyl chloride (Cl) using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) under heating (\( \Delta \)):
\( OH \xrightarrow{SOCl_2} Cl \)
(d) The reaction involves the conversion of an aldehyde (CHO) to a carboxylic acid (COOH) using sodium cyanide (NaCN) and hydrochloric acid (HCl):
\( CHO \xrightarrow{NaCN/HCl} COOH \)
(e) The reaction involves the methylation of chlorobenzene (Cl2C6H5) to form a methylated chlorobenzene derivative (Cl2C6H4CH3):
\( Cl_2C_6H_5 \xrightarrow{CH_3} Cl_2C_6H_4CH_3 \)
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