Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent, or products:
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Solution and Explanation
(a) The reaction involves the formation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) from an aldehyde (O) and hydroxylamine (HO-NH2) in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+):
\( O + HO-NH_2 \xrightarrow{H^+} NH_2OH \)
(b) The reaction involves ozonolysis of ethene (CH2=CH2) followed by reductive workup to form formaldehyde (HCHO). Heating (\( \Delta \)) does not change the product further:
\( CH_2=CH_2 \xrightarrow{(i) O_3 (ii) Zn-H_2O} 2HCHO \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{No further change} \)
(c) The reaction involves the conversion of an alcohol (OH) to an alkyl chloride (Cl) using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) under heating (\( \Delta \)):
\( OH \xrightarrow{SOCl_2} Cl \)
(d) The reaction involves the conversion of an aldehyde (CHO) to a carboxylic acid (COOH) using sodium cyanide (NaCN) and hydrochloric acid (HCl):
\( CHO \xrightarrow{NaCN/HCl} COOH \)
(e) The reaction involves the methylation of chlorobenzene (Cl2C6H5) to form a methylated chlorobenzene derivative (Cl2C6H4CH3):
\( Cl_2C_6H_5 \xrightarrow{CH_3} Cl_2C_6H_4CH_3 \)
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Electricity is passed through an acidic solution of Cu$^{2+}$ till all the Cu$^{2+}$ was exhausted, leading to the deposition of 300 mg of Cu metal. However, a current of 600 mA was continued to pass through the same solution for another 28 minutes by keeping the total volume of the solution fixed at 200 mL. The total volume of oxygen evolved at STP during the entire process is ___ mL. (Nearest integer)
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$\mathrm{Cu^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow Cu(s)}$
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