Question

Common differential diagnoses of fever with rash in a 5-year-old child

Hint:

When assessing a child with fever and rash, consider the onset and progression of the rash, as well as associated symptoms like lymphadenopathy or respiratory involvement, to narrow down the differential diagnoses.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the symptoms.
Fever with a rash in a 5-year-old child can be a manifestation of various infectious and non-infectious conditions. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for appropriate management.

Step 2: Common differential diagnoses.
- Measles: A highly contagious viral infection with a characteristic maculopapular rash starting behind the ears and spreading to the rest of the body.
- Chickenpox (Varicella): Characterized by an itchy vesicular rash that begins on the trunk and spreads outward. It is often preceded by fever.
- Rubella: A viral illness with a fine, pink, maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads downwards. It is often accompanied by swollen lymph nodes.
- Dengue: A viral infection that presents with fever, rash, and sometimes bleeding, especially in endemic areas.
- Scarlet Fever: Caused by Group A Streptococcus, characterized by a sandpaper-like rash and a high fever, often following a sore throat.

Step 3: Conclusion.
A thorough clinical examination, history, and appropriate laboratory tests are essential for accurately diagnosing the cause of fever with a rash in a 5-year-old child.