Productivity measures energy flow in an ecosystem; NPP = GPP - energy used in respiration.
Productivity in an ecosystem refers to the rate of biomass production by producers through photosynthesis. It includes:
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| A. The Evil Quartet | III. Causes of biodiversity losses |
| B. Ex situ conservation | I. Cryopreservation |
| C. Lantana camara | II. Alien species invasion |
| D. Dodo | IV. Extinction |