[Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]Cl exhibits:
Linkage isomerism,ionisation isomerism and optical isomerism
Linkage isomerism,geometrical isomerism and ionisation isomerism
lonisation isomerism,geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism
Linkage isomerism,geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism
Optical isomerism, geometrical isomerism and ionisation isomerism
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
Complex analysis: \[ \text{[Co(NH}_3\text{)}_4\text{(NO}_2\text{)}_2\text{]Cl} \]
Possible isomerisms:
- Linkage isomerism: NO₂ can bind through N (nitro) or O (nitrito)
- Geometrical isomerism: cis/trans arrangements of ligands possible
- Ionisation isomerism: Cl⁻ could exchange with NO₂⁻ ligand
- Optical isomerism: Not possible in this tetrahedral complex
Correct combination: The complex exhibits linkage, geometrical, and ionisation isomerism but not optical isomerism.
Thus, the correct option is (B): Linkage isomerism, geometrical isomerism and ionisation isomerism.
Approach Solution -2
1. Analyze the given complex:
The complex \([Co(NH_3)_4(NO_2)_2]Cl\) consists of a cobalt(III) ion coordinated to four ammonia (\(NH_3\)) ligands, two nitrite (\(NO_2^-\)) ligands, and one chloride (\(Cl^-\)) as a counterion outside the coordination sphere.
2. Types of isomerism possible:
- (a) Linkage isomerism: This occurs when a ligand can coordinate to the metal through different donor atoms. In this case, the nitrite (\(NO_2^-\)) ligand can bind to the cobalt either through the nitrogen atom (as \(NO_2^-\)) or through the oxygen atom (as \(ONO^-\)). Thus, linkage isomerism is possible.
- (b) Geometrical isomerism: This arises in octahedral complexes when there are two identical ligands (here, \(NO_2^-\)) and other ligands (\(NH_3\)) that can occupy different spatial arrangements. For example, the two \(NO_2^-\) ligands can be arranged either cis (adjacent to each other) or trans (opposite to each other). Hence, geometrical isomerism is possible.
- (c) Optical isomerism: Optical isomerism occurs when a molecule has a non-superimposable mirror image (chirality). In this case, if the complex adopts a cis configuration with the \(NO_2^-\) ligands, it could potentially exhibit optical isomerism. However, the trans configuration would not be chiral. Therefore, optical isomerism depends on the specific geometry.
- (d) Ionisation isomerism: This occurs when the ligands inside the coordination sphere and the counterions outside the coordination sphere can exchange positions. For example, if the chloride (\(Cl^-\)) were to enter the coordination sphere and one of the \(NO_2^-\) ligands were to leave, an ionisation isomer would result. Thus, ionisation isomerism is also possible.
3. Evaluate the options:
- (A): "Linkage isomerism, ionisation isomerism, and optical isomerism" – This is incorrect because while linkage and ionisation isomerism are possible, optical isomerism is not guaranteed in all configurations.
- (B): "Linkage isomerism, geometrical isomerism, and ionisation isomerism" – This is correct because all three types of isomerism are possible for this complex.
- (C): "Ionisation isomerism, geometrical isomerism, and optical isomerism" – This is incorrect because optical isomerism is not guaranteed in all configurations.
- (D): "Linkage isomerism, geometrical isomerism, and optical isomerism" – This is incorrect because optical isomerism is not guaranteed in all configurations.
- (E): "Optical isomerism, geometrical isomerism, and ionisation isomerism" – This is incorrect because optical isomerism is not guaranteed in all configurations.
4. Final answer:
The correct option is (B) Linkage isomerism, geometrical isomerism, and ionisation isomerism.
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Concepts Used:
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
Isomers in Coordination Compounds
Stereoisomers occur when the ligands have the same bonds, but the bonds are in different orientations relative to one another. Structural isomerism occurs when the bonds are different. Isomers are distinct compounds that can have different physical properties such as color, crystal structure, and melting point.
Cis and Trans Stereoisomers
In octahedral complexes—with four of one ligand and two of another—and square planar complexes—with two of one ligand and two of another—there are two different arrangements of the same atoms with the same bonds. These different arrangements are called cis and trans. In cis molecules, the two ligands are on the same side of the complex. In trans molecules, the similar ligands are on the opposite sides of the molecules, meaning the bond angle is 180 degrees.
Optical Stereoisomers
Optical isomerism occurs when a molecule is not superimposable with its mirror image.
Fac and Mer Stereoisomers
When three identical ligands occupy one face of an octahedron, the isomer is said to be facial or fac. If these three ligands and the metal ion are in one plane, the isomer is said to be meridional or mer.