Question

Clinical manifestations of Myocarditis.

Hint:

Myocarditis can present with symptoms that mimic a heart attack, so it is essential to differentiate between the two, especially in young patients with no prior heart disease.

Answer 1

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) caused by infection, autoimmune diseases, or other factors. The clinical manifestations of myocarditis can vary depending on the severity of the inflammation and the underlying cause. Common clinical features include:
1. Chest Pain:
- The most common symptom in myocarditis, often described as a sharp, stabbing pain. It may mimic that of a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Fatigue and Weakness:
- Due to decreased cardiac output, patients may experience fatigue, weakness, and general malaise.
3. Heart Failure Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath (dyspne, especially on exertion, and swelling in the legs or abdomen due to fluid retention.
4. Arrhythmias:
- Palpitations, tachycardia, or irregular heartbeats can occur due to the disruption of the normal electrical activity of the heart.
5. Fever:
- Mild to moderate fever is common, especially in viral myocarditis, and is usually associated with other systemic symptoms like chills and muscle aches.
6. Syncope or Lightheadedness:
- This can occur if the heart’s pumping ability is severely compromised.
7. Signs of Systemic Inflammation:
- In viral or autoimmune myocarditis, symptoms such as joint pain, rashes, and enlarged lymph nodes may be present.