Cleaning efficiency (CE) of a specific opening machine (an "opener") measures how effectively that particular machine removes trash from the fiber material passing through it. CE is calculated as: CE (%) $= \frac{\text{Trash in material fed to the opener} - \text{Trash in material delivered by the opener}}{\text{Trash in material fed to the opener}} \times 100$.
- (a) Waste extraction at the end of blow room: This refers to the total waste from the entire blowroom line, not a single opener.
- (b) Overall cleaning efficiency: This is the CE of the entire blowroom line or a larger section, not just one opener.
- (c) Individual cleaning efficiency: This specifically assesses the performance of one opener by comparing trash levels at its input and output. This is the correct way to judge a single opener's CE.
- (d) Yarn realization studies: Yarn realization is the ratio of yarn produced to raw material consumed. It's affected by total waste, including cleaning waste, but doesn't isolate an opener's CE.
To judge a specific opener, its individual cleaning efficiency is the direct measure. \[ \boxed{\text{Individual cleaning efficiency}} \]