Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on:
- Proton gradient
Accumulation of K+ ions
Accumulation of Na+ ions
- Membrane potential
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
According to this theory, a proton (H+) gradient or proton motive force is established across the inner mitochondrial or thylakoid membrane, and ATP is synthesized as protons flow back through ATP synthase enzymes, driving the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This proton gradient is established through the electron transport chain during the process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts.
So, the correct option is (A): Proton gradient
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Concepts Used:
Aerobic respiration
It is the release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water.