Question

“Caste system is still prevalent in Indian society.” Write its causes. Suggest two measures to abolish it.

Hint:

Ending the caste system requires collective effort from society, government, and individuals to eliminate discrimination , promote equality , and create awareness about the social harm caused by caste-based divisions.

Answer 1

The caste system in India is a social hierarchy that divides people into different groups based on their birth and occupation. Despite legal abolition of caste-based discrimination through the Indian Constitution , the caste system still exists in various forms, particularly in rural areas. It influences people's social status , marriage , and even access to resources like education , healthcare , and employment . Causes of the Persistence of the Caste System:

1. Historical Legacy and Social Traditions:
- The caste system has existed for thousands of years, and it became deeply entrenched in Indian society. The Varna system (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras) was linked to Hindu religious beliefs and was reinforced by social customs . These traditions continue to influence people's lives, especially in rural areas where social structures are more rigid.
2. Social and Economic Factors:
- The caste system is often tied to occupational roles . Certain castes have been historically associated with specific jobs, such as cleaning and manual labor (e.g., the Dalits or "untouchables"). This association has led to the economic exploitation of lower-caste people, which sustains the inequality and discrimination in society.
3. Political Factors:
- In some areas, caste plays a significant role in politics . Political parties often appeal to caste-based groups to secure votes, leading to the perpetuation of caste-based identity politics. This political manipulation strengthens caste-based divisions in society.
4. Social Norms and Marriage Practices:
- Endogamy (marriage within the same caste) is still prevalent in many parts of India. The idea of caste purity, reinforced by social norms and family traditions, makes it difficult for people to intermarry or form relationships outside their caste. This results in the continuation of caste-based segregation in communities. Measures to Abolish the Caste System:

1. Education and Awareness Campaigns:
- The most effective way to combat the caste system is through education . By providing universal education and promoting awareness , people can understand the inherent inequality and discrimination of the caste system. Education empowers individuals to challenge caste-based practices and encourages the values of equality , justice , and social harmony . - Awareness campaigns can also educate people about the constitutional rights that prohibit caste-based discrimination, helping them recognize the importance of human dignity and equality.
2. Strengthening the Law and Social Reforms:
- The Indian Constitution has already banned untouchability and caste-based discrimination, but there is a need to ensure better enforcement of these laws. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 aims to prevent caste-based violence and discrimination, but its implementation needs to be more effective . - Additionally, there should be more social reforms to encourage inter-caste marriages , inclusive communities , and economic empowerment programs for lower-caste individuals. Initiatives that promote affirmative action (such as reservations in education and employment) should continue to ensure equal opportunities for all.