Question:

Buffer solutions have constant acidity and alkalinity because :

Updated On: Jun 2, 2023
  • acids and alkalies in these solutions are shielded from attack by other ions
  • they have large excess of $H^+$ or OH' ions
  • they have fixed value of pH
  • these give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali
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The Correct Option is D

Approach Solution - 1

Answer (d) these give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali
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Approach Solution -2

A modest quantity of acid or alkali added to a buffer solution transforms it into unionized acid or base. As a result, its pH remains unchanged, or its acidity/alkalinity remains constant. For example, H3O+ +AH2O+HAOH+HAH2O+A
Acid interacts with A to generate undissociated H A when it is introduced. Similarly, when a base/alkali is introduced, OH interacts with H A to form H2O and A, preserving the buffer solution's acidity/alkalinity.

 
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Concepts Used:

Buffer solutions

The buffer solution is a solution that is able to maintain its Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) with only minor changes on the dilution or addition of a small amount of either acid or base. They are used in fermentation, food preservatives, drug delivery, printing, the activity of enzymes and many more.

Buffer solutions are aqueous solutions containing a weak acid and its salt - acid buffer or a weak base and its salt - base buffer.

Types of Buffer Solution

Acidic Buffers

These solutions are used to maintain acidic environments. Also, it has acidic pH and is prepared by mixing a weak acid and its salt with a strong base. An aqueous solution of an equal concentration of acetic acid and sodium acetate has a pH of 4.74.

Alkaline Buffers

These solutions are used to maintain basic conditions. It has a basic pH and is prepared by mixing a weak base and its salt with strong acid. The aqueous solution of an equal concentration of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride has a pH of 9.25.