Question

Briefly discuss hyperkalemia, its ECG findings and treatment.

Hint:

For hyperkalemia, early detection and intervention are crucial. ECG changes such as peaked T waves can be a sign of potassium imbalances.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Hyperkalemia.
Hyperkalemia refers to elevated potassium levels in the blood, typically greater than 5.0 mEq/L. This condition can occur due to kidney failure, excessive potassium intake, or medications like ACE inhibitors.

Step 2: ECG Findings.
ECG findings in hyperkalemia include:

Peaked T waves
Prolonged PR interval
Widened QRS complex
In severe cases, loss of P waves and sine wave pattern

Step 3: Treatment of Hyperkalemia.
Treatment includes:

Administration of calcium gluconate to stabilize the heart
Insulin and glucose to shift potassium into cells
Sodium bicarbonate in case of acidosis
Dialysis if renal failure is the cause

Step 4: Conclusion.
Prompt recognition of ECG changes and appropriate treatment can prevent life-threatening arrhythmias in hyperkalemia.