Write True or False:
Bilateral trade and multilateral trade are the main types of international trade.
Case for Free Trade
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalization. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalization allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services.
Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavorable. With the development of transport and communication systems goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products.
Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
Explain the meaning of ‘trade liberalisation’.
Case for Free Trade
The act of opening up economies for trading is known as free trade or trade liberalisation. This is done by bringing down trade barriers like tariffs. Trade liberalisation allows goods and services from everywhere to compete with domestic products and services.
Globalisation along with free trade can adversely affect the economies of developing countries by not giving equal playing field by imposing conditions which are unfavourable. With the development of transport and communication systems, goods and services can travel faster and farther than ever before. But free trade should not only let rich countries enter the markets, but allow the developed countries to keep their own markets protected from foreign products.
Countries also need to be cautious about dumped goods; as along with free trade dumped goods of cheaper prices can harm the domestic producers.
Mahendra, Surendra and Narendra were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as on 31st March 2019 was as follows:
\[\begin{array}{|l|r|l|r|} \hline \text{Liabilities} & \text{Amount (₹)} & \text{Assets} & \text{Amount (₹)} \\ \hline \text{Capital Account:} & & \text{Stock} & 17{,}000 \\ \text{Mahendra} & 23{,}000 & \text{Furniture} & 18{,}000 \\ \text{Surendra} & 15{,}000 & \text{Land and Building} & 16{,}000 \\ \text{Narendra} & 12{,}000 & \text{Bank} & 37{,}000 \\ \text{Bills Payable} & 2{,}000 & & \\ \text{Creditors} & 8{,}000 & & \\ \text{Bank Loan} & 12{,}000 & & \\ \text{General Reserve} & 16{,}000 & & \\ \hline \text{Total} & 88{,}000 & \text{Total} & 88{,}000 \\ \hline \end{array}\]
Mr. Narendra died on 30th June 2019 and the following adjustments were agreed as per deed:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Stock, furniture, land and building are to be revalued at ₹ 16,700, ₹ 16,200 and ₹ 30,100 respectively.} \\ \bullet & \text{Narendra's share in goodwill is to be valued from the firm's goodwill, which was valued at 3 times the average profit of the last four years. The profits for the last four years were:} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{I year – ₹ 30,000} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{II year – ₹ 25,000} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{III year – ₹ 25,000} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{IV year – ₹ 40,000} \\ \bullet & \text{His profit up to the death is to be calculated on the basis of the profit of last year.} \\ \bullet & \text{Narendra was entitled to get a salary of ₹ 1,200 per month.} \\ \bullet & \text{Interest on capital at 10\% p.a. to be allowed.} \\ \bullet & \text{Narendra's drawing up to the date of his death was ₹ 900 per month.} \end{array}\]
Prepare:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{(A) Narendra's Capital Account showing amount payable to his executor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(B) Give working notes for:} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{Share of goodwill due to Narendra} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{Share of profit due to Narendra} \end{array}\]