Question:

Based on cellular mechanisms there are two major types of regeneration found in the animals. Which one of the following is the correct example of the type mentioned?

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022

Morphallaxis - Regeneration of two transversely cut equal pieces of a Hydra into two small Hydras.
Epimorphosis - Replacement of old and dead erythrocytes by the new ones.
Morphallaxis - Healing up of a wound in the skin.
Epimorphosis - Regeneration of crushed and filtered out pieces of a Planaria into as many new Planarians

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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Regeneration is the phenomenon of restoration of body parts which have been removed either by injury or autotomy. It is extensively found in planarians and common feature in polychaetes, crustaceans and echinoderms. Morgan (1901) distinguished the following two basic types of regeneration: (a) Morphallactic regeneration or morphollaxis : In morphollaxis type of regeneration new individual is produced not by addition of parts to the residue of the animals body but by remodelling the entire available mass of cells into a new one. It is found in lower animals. (b) Epimorphic regeneration or epimorphosis : It is common type of renegeration found in higher animals. The regenerated organ is an addition to the other parts of the animal's body. e.g., Renewal of limbs in salamander. Replacement of broken tail in lizard.

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Concepts Used:

Human Reproduction

Reproduction in human beings involves the fusion of male and female gametes that produces in their reproductive system.

Male Reproductive System:

The male reproductive system comprises:

Testicles (testes): A pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a pouch known as the scrotum. They manage the production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone.
Scrotum: It is a sac-like organ that hangs under the penis and behind it. It is the house of the testes, or testicles, and maintains a temperature that is needed for the production of sperm by it.
Vas deferens: The sperms produced in testes are stored in a tube known as the epididymis. Here the sperms get matured and pass to the urethra via the muscular tube known as vas deferens.
Accessory glands: This includes three glands, namely the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s gland. The secretions from the mentioned three glands mix to form a fluid known as semen. Semen nourishes the sperm, raises the volume, and helps in lubrication.
Penis: The penis is a cylindrical tube that serves as both an excretory organ, and a reproductive organ. It transfers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Female Reproductive System:

The female reproductive system is active before, during, and after fertilization as well. It comprises the following parts:

A pair of ovaries: A pair of ovaries produce and stores ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone known to be estrogen.
Fallopian tubes (Oviducts): They are the area of fertilization. They connect both the ovaries with the uterus.
Uterus: Uterus is the place of development for the embryo.
Vagina: The part that connects the cervix to the external female body parts is called a vagina. It is the passage for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during transfer.