Question

Assertion (A): By mutations genetic variations are created resulting in a new trait not found in the parental type.
Reason (R): Plants having desirable characters will be selected after inducing mutations with chemicals or radiation.

• A. A and R are correct. R is the correct explanation of A
• B. A and R are correct. R is not the correct explanation of A
• C. A is correct but R is incorrect
• D. A is incorrect but R is correct

Hint:

When utilizing induced mutations for crop improvement, it is vital to conduct thorough screenings to identify and propagate only those mutations that confer beneficial traits.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

To solve the problem, we need to analyze the assertion and the reason related to genetic mutations and plant selection.

1. Understanding the Assertion and Reason:
Assertion (A): By mutations, genetic variations are created resulting in a new trait not found in the parental type.
Reason (R): Plants having desirable characters will be selected after inducing mutations with chemicals or radiation.

2. Analyzing the Assertion (A):
The assertion is correct. Mutations cause genetic variations by altering the DNA sequence, which can result in new traits. These mutations can be spontaneous or induced through various methods, such as chemicals or radiation. The new trait may be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to the organism, but it is indeed a genetic variation not present in the parental type.

3. Analyzing the Reason (R):
The reason is also correct. Induced mutations in plants using chemicals or radiation can lead to the development of plants with desirable traits. These plants can then be selected for breeding or agricultural purposes.

4. Conclusion:
Both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion well. The new traits resulting from mutations can indeed be selected for based on desirable characteristics, as mentioned in the reason.

Final Answer:
The correct option is (A) A and R are correct. R is the correct explanation of A.

Answer 2

Assertion (A): Mutations can indeed create genetic variations by introducing changes in the DNA sequence. These changes can result in new traits that were not present in the parental type, contributing to genetic diversity.
Reason (R): Inducing mutations through chemicals or radiation is a common technique used in plant breeding. By doing so, new variations (traits) are created, and plants with desirable traits are selected for further breeding.
Thus, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). 
Therefore, the correct answer is Option (A).