As per IS800-2007, the minimum centre-to-centre bolt spacing measured in the direction of stress is ……. , where \( d \) is the nominal diameter of bolt.
The net section strength of a tension member …………. with the increase in ductility of steel.
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: