Step 1: Understanding planetary mass.
Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, contains more than 70% of the total planetary mass, which includes the mass of all the planets combined. It is a gas giant, primarily made of hydrogen and helium.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Uranus: Uranus is a large planet but does not have nearly the mass of Jupiter.
(B) Mercury: Mercury is a small planet, and its mass is only a tiny fraction of the total planetary mass in the solar system.
(C) Saturn: Saturn is also a gas giant, but it has less mass than Jupiter.
(D) Jupiter: Correct — Jupiter holds the majority of the solar system's planetary mass.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) Jupiter, which contains approximately 71% of the solar system's planetary mass.
Two boreholes A and B, both inclined towards 270°, penetrate a dipping coal bed at the same point and pass through it entirely in the sub-surface as shown in the figure below. The bed dips towards 270°. The thickness of the coal bed, measured along the borehole A is 10 m and along borehole B is 8 m. The angle between the two boreholes is 20°. The orthogonal thickness \( x \) of the coal bed is ........ m. (Round off to one decimal place) 
A well-developed succession of laminated shale is bound by two volcanic ash beds that were precisely dated as shown in the schematic diagram given below. Assuming a constant sedimentation rate, the age of the fossiliferous limestone bed 65 m above the basal volcanic ash bed is ............ Ma. (Round off to nearest integer) 
The data tabulated below are for flooding events in the last 400 years.
The probability of a large flood accompanied by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in 2025 is ........... \(\times 10^{-3}\). (Round off to one decimal place)
| Year | Flood Size | Magnitude rank |
|---|---|---|
| 1625 | Large | 2 |
| 1658 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
| 1692 | Small | 4 |
| 1704 | Large | 2 |
| 1767 | Large | 2 |
| 1806 | Small | 4 |
| 1872 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
| 1909 | Large | 2 |
| 1932 | Large | 2 |
| 1966 | Medium | 3 |
| 2023 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
A satellite launching vehicle is carrying a lander for Moon mapping.
As shown in the figure below, P is the position where the gravitational forces exerted by Earth and Moon on the vehicle balance out.
The distance \( P \) from the center of the Earth is ........... \(\times 10^5\) km. (Round off to two decimal places)
The isobaric temperature-composition (T–X) phase diagram given below shows the phase relation between components M and N. The equilibrium melting undergone by the rock R to generate the liquid of composition L is .............. % (In integer )