Question

Analyze the main determining factors of India's foreign policy. Give suggestions to make them more effective in future.

Hint:

A balanced foreign policy approach, blending national security, economic growth, and global leadership, is essential for India’s success on the world stage.

Answer 1

India's foreign policy is shaped by a variety of factors, reflecting the country’s security concerns, economic interests, regional dynamics, and global aspirations. National security has been a primary determinant in shaping India’s foreign relations, particularly due to the challenges posed by neighboring countries such as Pakistan and China. India’s commitment to maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its borders influences its defense and diplomatic strategies. The pursuit of strategic autonomy, non-alignment, and military preparedness has historically been central to India’s security policy.
Economic considerations also play a crucial role in shaping India’s foreign policy. As one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, India seeks to secure its place in the global market through strategic trade partnerships and investments. The "Act East" and "Look West" policies are part of India's efforts to engage with key regions such as Southeast Asia and the Middle East to enhance its economic ties and energy security. India’s participation in multilateral organizations such as BRICS, WTO, and G20 is part of its strategy to integrate more into the global economy.
Regional cooperation, particularly in South Asia, remains another important factor. India's foreign policy emphasizes peace and stability in its neighborhood, focusing on strengthening relationships with neighboring countries while managing regional challenges, including the Kashmir issue with Pakistan.
For India’s foreign policy to be more effective in the future, it must focus on diversifying its strategic partnerships, particularly with emerging powers. India should also enhance its role in multilateral forums to address global challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and trade imbalances. Balancing security interests with economic diplomacy and soft power initiatives will help India assert itself as a leader in regional and global affairs.