The electronic configuration of Cu, Th, Cs and K are
Cu(29) = 2, 8,18,1
\(Cu^+\) = 2, 8,18
Th(90) = 2, 8,18, 32,18,10, 2
\(Th^{4+}\) = 2, 8,18, 32,18, 8
Cs(55) = 2, 8,18,18, 8,1
\(Cs^+\) = 2, 8,18,18, 8
K(19) = 2, 8, 8,1
\(K^+\) = 2, 8, 8
Thus, \(Cu^+\) has 18 electrons in the outermost shell.
An ion with 18 electrons in the outermost shell can be one of several possibilities, depending on whether the ion has gained or lost electrons.
If the ion has gained electrons, it would have more than 18 electrons in the outermost shell, and would therefore have a negative charge. The most likely ion with 18 electrons in the outermost shell and a negative charge would be the chloride ion (Cl-), which has a total of 18 electrons in its outermost shell.
If the ion has lost electrons, it would have fewer than 18 electrons in the outermost shell, and would therefore have a positive charge. The most likely ion with 18 electrons in the outermost shell and a positive charge would be the argon ion (Ar+), which has 17 electrons in its outermost shell. If the argon atom were to lose one electron, it would have 18 electrons in the outermost shell and a net positive charge of +1.
However, it's important to note that the specific ion with 18 electrons in the outermost shell depends on the context of the problem and the specific elements involved.
The atomic structure of an element refers to the constitution of its nucleus and the arrangement of the electrons around it. Primarily, the atomic structure of matter is made up of protons, electrons and neutrons.
Dalton proposed that every matter is composed of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible.
The following are the postulates of his theory:
Several atomic structures of an element can exist, which differ in the total number of nucleons.These variants of elements having a different nucleon number (also known as the mass number) are called isotopes of the element. Therefore, the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons. For example, there exist three known naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen, namely, protium, deuterium, and tritium.