Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates
Reason (R): Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column in the adult vertebrates.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
| Class | Character | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1) Xiphosura | Poisonous Claws | Limulus |
| 2) Arachnida | Coxal Glands | Scutigera |
| 3) Crustacea | Biramous appendage | Sarcoptes |
| 4) Diplopoda | Gnathochilarium | Spirostreptus |
The output (Y) of the given logic implementation is similar to the output of an/a …………. gate.
What is Microalbuminuria ?

In the above represented plasmid an alien piece of DNA is inserted at the EcoRI site. Which of the following strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant colonies?