Step 1: Understanding Hashing Methods.
- **Universal hashing**: This method involves choosing a hash function at random to avoid patterns. It does not use linked lists to resolve collisions.
- **Linear Probing**: This technique resolves collisions by finding the next available slot in a linear sequence, not by using linked lists.
- **Quadratic probing**: This is a collision resolution method that checks a quadratic sequence of positions to find an available slot, also without using linked lists.
- **Chaining**: Chaining handles collisions by storing all elements that hash to the same slot in a linked list. This is the correct method where linked lists are used for collision resolution.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is **(4) Chaining**.
Consider a dynamic hashing approach for 4-bit integer keys:

Consider the following state of the hash table. Which of the following sequences of key insertions can cause the above state of the hash table (assume the keys are in decimal notation)?