Question

All Birds can Fly. All Penguins are Birds. Some Birds Migrate. Some who Migrate Swim. Which of the following conclusions necessarily follows?

• A. Penguins can fly.
• B. All who migrate are birds.
• C. Penguins migrate long distances.
• D. No birds can swim.

Hint:

For syllogism questions, distinguish between what is explicitly stated and what is assumed from real-world knowledge. Only conclusions that logically follow from given premises are correct.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding statements —
All birds can fly.
All penguins are birds.
Some birds migrate.
Some who migrate swim.
Step 2: Evaluating conclusions —
(a) Penguins can fly → Not necessarily true in reality; the premise says all birds can fly, but for logic-based syllogism, this may be assumed.
(b) All who migrate are birds → True, as migration is stated only for birds.
(c) Penguins migrate long distances → Not stated.
(d) No birds can swim → Contradicted, as some who migrate swim.
Step 3: Conclusion — Option (b) necessarily follows.