Question:

Absolute zero is the condition at which:

Updated On: Jul 5, 2022
  • molecular motion ceases
  • gas becomes liquid
  • gas cannot be liquefied
  • random merino of molecules occur
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The root mean square velocity of the molecules of a gas is directly proportional to the square root of absolute temperature $(T)$ of gas, that is, $v_{\text{rms} }=\sqrt{\frac{3 R T}{M}}$ where $R$ is gas constant, and $M$ is mass. From the above relation it is evident that if absolute temperature of the gas becomes zero $(T=0)$ then the motion of molecules will cease $\left(v_{r m s}=0\right)$, Hence according to kinetic theory absolute zero is that temperature at which the motion of all the molecules of the gas stops. It is also clear that absolute temperature can never be negative, because $v _{\text {rms }}$ can never be negative. Thus, no temperature is possible below the absolute zero.
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Concepts Used:

Thermal Properties of Matter

Anything that has mass or occupies space in the universe is commonly known as matter. There are five properties of matters namely chemical, mechanical, thermal, dimensional, and physical properties.

Read More: Thermal Properties of Matter

Heat Capacity:

The quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of the matter by 1° is known as the heat capacity of a material. The temperature is indicated in kelvin or Celsius and the amount of heat is shown in calories or joules. Specific heat capacity or molar heat capacity is used to calculate the heat capacity of the matter with the stated dimension.

Linear expansion is the situation when change takes place in one dimension or dimensional.

Thermal Expansion:

When heat is passed through the material, the change in the area, volume, and shape is recognized as the thermal expansion property of the material. The expansion of the railway tracks due to maximal heat which leads to accidents is an example of thermal expansion.

Thermal Conductivity:

This property is interconnected to the conductivity of heat. The amount of heat regulated by the material is directly proportional to the conductivity of the material. Not all objects have the capacity to conduct heat throughout their bodies. Insulators are such objects which do not have the property to conduct heat throughout their body.

Thermal Stress:

The stress due to thermal contraction or expansion of the body is known as thermal stress. The explosion of materials takes place due to thermal stress which is dangerous. The cracks on the truck tyres are caused by an outcome of thermal stress. Trucks at high speed generate heat which is caused by the friction of the truck tyres and the road surface.