Question

Abciximab.

Hint:

Abciximab is an effective antiplatelet agent for reducing thrombotic complications during PCI but must be used with caution due to its bleeding risk.

Answer 1

Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody that is used as an antiplatelet drug to prevent thrombosis in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty or stent placement. It is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor that prevents platelet aggregation.
Step 1: Mechanism of Action:
1. Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation: Abciximab binds to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on the surface of platelets, preventing fibrinogen from binding and inhibiting platelet aggregation.
2. Prevention of Thrombosis: By blocking platelet aggregation, abciximab helps reduce the risk of thrombus formation, which can lead to complications such as myocardial infarction or stroke during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
Step 2: Clinical Applications:
1. Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): Abciximab is commonly used in the management of ACS, including unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
2. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): It is used during PCI procedures to prevent thrombotic complications, particularly in patients with high-risk coronary artery disease.
Step 3: Side Effects:
1. Bleeding: The most common side effect is bleeding due to its antiplatelet activity.
2. Thrombocytopenia: Rarely, abciximab can cause thrombocytopenia, which may require discontinuation of the drug.
3. Allergic Reactions: Some patients may experience allergic reactions to the drug, including rash, fever, or more severe reactions.
Step 4: Contraindications:
1. Active Bleeding: Abciximab should not be used in patients with active bleeding or a history of bleeding disorders.
2. Severe Hypertension: It is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension, as the risk of bleeding is increased.