A spring is stretched by 5 cm by a force of 10 N. The time period of the oscillations, when a mass of 2 kg is suspended by it, is
0.628 s
0.0628 s
6.28 s
3.14 s
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
To solve this problem, we need to determine the time period of oscillation for a mass suspended from a spring. The force required to stretch the spring is given, as well as the mass attached.
Start by understanding Hooke's Law, which states that the force \(F\) needed to extend or compress a spring by distance \(x\) is proportional to that distance. It can be described as:
\(F = kx\)
Where:
- \(F = 10 \, \text{N}\): Force applied to the spring.
- \(x = 0.05 \, \text{m}\): Extension length of the spring, converted from centimeters to meters.
- \(k\) is the spring constant we are looking to find.
Rearranging Hooke’s Law gives us:
\(k = \frac{F}{x} = \frac{10}{0.05} = 200 \, \text{N/m}\)
Now, using the formula for the time period \(T\) of a mass-spring system:
\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}\)
Where:
- \(m = 2 \, \text{kg}\): Mass attached to the spring.
- \(k = 200 \, \text{N/m}\): Spring constant.
Substituting these values in gives:
\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{2}{200}} = 2\pi \sqrt{0.01} = 2\pi \times 0.1 = 0.628 \, \text{s}\)
Thus, the correct time period of oscillation is 0.628 seconds, which matches the given correct answer.
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Concepts Used:
Simple Harmonic Motion
Simple Harmonic Motion is one of the most simple forms of oscillatory motion that occurs frequently in nature. The quantity of force acting on a particle in SHM is exactly proportional to the displacement of the particle from the equilibrium location. It is given by F = -kx, where k is the force constant and the negative sign indicates that force resists growth in x.
This force is known as the restoring force, and it pulls the particle back to its equilibrium position as opposing displacement increases. N/m is the SI unit of Force.
Types of Simple Harmonic Motion
Linear Simple Harmonic Motion:
When a particle moves to and fro about a fixed point (called equilibrium position) along with a straight line then its motion is called linear Simple Harmonic Motion. For Example spring-mass system
Conditions:
The restoring force or acceleration acting on the particle should always be proportional to the displacement of the particle and directed towards the equilibrium position.
- – displacement of particle from equilibrium position.
- – Restoring force
- - acceleration
Angular Simple Harmonic Motion:
When a system oscillates angular long with respect to a fixed axis then its motion is called angular simple harmonic motion.
Conditions:
The restoring torque (or) Angular acceleration acting on the particle should always be proportional to the angular displacement of the particle and directed towards the equilibrium position.
Τ ∝ θ or α ∝ θ
Where,
- Τ – Torque
- α angular acceleration
- θ – angular displacement