An n-type semiconductor is created by doping a pure silicon (Si) crystal with a pentavalent element (an element with 5 valence electrons). This adds extra electrons as charge carriers, making the crystal n-type.
P (Phosphorus), As (Arsenic), and Sb (Antimony) are pentavalent elements, and any of these could theoretically dope Si to form an n-type semiconductor.
However, P (Phosphorus) is commonly used due to its abundance, effectiveness, and ease of integration.
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