Question

A practical example of steady non-uniform flow is given by the:

• A. motion of a river around bridge piers
• B. steadily increasing flow through a pipe
• C. steadily increasing flow through a reducing section
• D. constant discharge through a long, straight tapering pipe

Hint:

Steady $\Rightarrow$ no change with time. Non-uniform $\Rightarrow$ velocity varies with position.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Recall definitions.
- Steady flow: Parameters (velocity, discharge) do not change with time.
- Non-uniform flow: Parameters vary with space (position).

Step 2: Analyze options.
- (1) Motion of river around bridge piers: Unsteady and complex (vortices, turbulence). Not purely steady non-uniform.
- (2) Steadily increasing flow through a pipe: This means unsteady (since velocity changes with time).
- (3) Steadily increasing flow through reducing section: Again indicates unsteady.
- (4) Constant discharge through tapering pipe: Flow is steady (constant with time), but velocity varies along pipe length (non-uniform). Correct.

Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct example of steady non-uniform flow is option (4).