Question

A patient on a maize diet presented with diarrhea, dementia and dysentry . Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for the features

• A. Niacin
• B. Thiamine
• C. Riboflavin
• D. Pyridoxine

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

A patient on a maize diet presents symptoms of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis, known as the classical triad of pellagra. Pellagra is associated with a deficiency in Niacin, also known as Vitamin B3.

Maize-based diets can lead to niacin deficiency since maize contains niacytin, a form of niacin that is not readily bioavailable unless processed correctly, which often isn't the case in simple maize-based diets.

The deficiency of Niacin results in the following symptoms:

• Diarrhea: Frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements. Niacin plays a role in cellular metabolism and energy production, affecting digestive tract function.
• Dementia: Cognitive decline occurs due to the essential role of niacin in the functioning of the nervous system.
• Dermatitis: This presents as skin lesions, particularly in areas exposed to sunlight, due to reduced capacity for DNA repair and cell turnover.

Considering the presented symptoms and dietary context, Niacin is the vitamin whose deficiency is responsible for these features.