A n-p-n transistor conducts when
- both collector and emitter are positive with respect to the base
- collector is positive and emitter is negative with respect to the base
- collector is positive and emitter is at same potential as the base
- both collector and emitter are negative with respect to the base
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
An n-p-n transistor conducts when the collector is positive and the emitter is negative with respect to the base.
In an n-p-n transistor, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased (positive on the emitter and negative on the base), and the collector-base junction is reverse-biased (positive on the collector and negative on the base). This biasing arrangement allows the transistor to conduct.
So, the correct option is (B): collector is positive and emitter is negative with respect to the base
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Concepts Used:
Transistors
Transistor
A transistor is a type of semiconductor device that can be used to both conduct and insulate electric current or voltage. A transistor basically acts as a switch and an amplifier. In simple words, we can say that a transistor is a miniature device that is used to control or regulate the flow of electronic signals.
Parts of a Transistor:
A transistor is a combination of three terminals made of semiconducting materials that help in making a connection to an external circuit and allow current to flow. The three terminals are:
- Base: The base activates the transistor. It is thin and lightly doped. It is put in the centre of the transistor.
- Emitter: The emitter is the negative terminal of the transistor. It is heavily doped and is moderately sized.
- Collector: The collector is the negative terminal of the transistor. It is located on the right side of a transistor and is moderately doped. It is larger than the emitter.
Read More: Difference Between NPN and PNP Transistor
Types of Transistors:
A transistor is a type of electronic device which is formed by p-type and n-type semiconductors.
NPN Transistor
- NPN transistor is a type of Bipolar Junction Transistor.
- In this, electrons are major current carriers, and minor ones are holes.
- Their arrangement is in such a way that N-type doped semiconductors are separated by the layer of P-type doped semiconductors which is a thin layer of material embedded between them.
- Emitter Current = Collector Current + Base Current
PNP Transistor
- PNP transistor is also a type of Bipolar Junction Transistor.
- In these, holes are the major source that carries current, and electrons are minor.
- Their arrangement is in a way that P-type doped semiconductor is separated by N-type doped semiconductor material which is a thin layer.
- Emitter Current = Collector Current + Base Current
Read More: Characteristics of a Transistor
Configurations of a Transistor:
Using the three types of configuration can be used to design any transistor circuit. The three types of configuration of a transistor are:
- Common Emitter Transistor
- Common Base Transistor
- Common Collector Transistor
Common Emitter (CE) Configuration of a Transistor
In Common Emitter Configuration, the transistor’s emitter terminal will be connected common between the output terminal and the input terminal.
Input Characteristics
- Variation of emitter current (IB) with Base-Emitter voltage (VBE) when Collector-Emitter voltage (VCE) is held constant.
- Rin = ΔVBE/ΔIB | VCE = Constant
Output Characteristics
- Variation of collector current (IC) with Collector-Emitter voltage (VCE) when the base current (IB) is held constant.
- Rout = ΔVCE/ΔIC | IB = Constant
Current Transfer Characteristics
- The variation of the collector current (IC) with the base current (IB) when the collector-emitter voltage (VCE) is constant.
- α = ΔIC/ΔIB | VCB = Constant
Common Base (CB) Configuration of a Transistor
In Common Base Configuration, the transistor’s base terminal will be connected common between the output terminal and the input terminal.
Input Characteristics
- Variation of emitter current (IE) with Base-Emitter voltage (VBE) when the Collector Base voltage (VCB) is held constant.
- Rin = ΔVBE/ΔIE | VCB = Constant
Output Characteristics
- Variation of collector current (IC) with Collector-Base voltage (VCB) when the emitter current (IE) is held constant.
- Rout = ΔVCB/ΔIB | IE = Constant
Current Transfer Characteristics
- The variation of the collector current (IC) with the emitter current (IE) when the Collector Base voltage (VCB) is constant.
- α = ΔIC/ΔIE | VCB = Constant
Common Collector Configuration of a Transistor
In Common Collector Configuration, the transistor’s collector terminal will be connected common between the output terminal and the input terminal.
Input Characteristics
- Variation of emitter current (IB) with Collector-Base voltage (VCB) when the Collector Base voltage (VCB) is held constant.
Output Characteristics
- Variation of emitter current (IE) with Collector-Emitter voltage (VCE) when the base current (IB) is held constant.
Current Transfer Characteristics
- The variation of the collector current (IE) with the base current (IB) when the Collector-Emitter voltage (VCE) is constant.