Question:

A lead shot of $1\, mm$ diameter falls through a long column of glycerine. The variation of its velocity $v$ with distance covered is represented by

Updated On: Jul 5, 2022
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Initially due to the action of gravity, the lead shot will move with increasing velocity for some time. Then due to the viscosity of the glycerine column, the lead shot will attain a constant terminal velocity. As initially, there is some upthrust on the shot due to glycerine the increase of velocity will not be fully linear. So the variation is shown by plot (a).
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Concepts Used:

Mechanical Properties of Fluid

The science of the mechanical properties of fluids is called Hydrostatics. A fluid is a substance that relents to the slightest pressure. Fluids are categorized into two classes famed by the names of liquids, and elastic fluids or gases, which later comprehend the air of the atmosphere and all the different kinds of air with which chemistry makes us acquainted.

Streamline Flow:

A streamline is a curve the tangent to which at any point provides the direction of the fluid velocity at that point. It is comparable to a line of force in an electric or magnetic field. In steady flow, the pattern of the streamline is motionless or static with time, and therefore, a streamline provides the actual path of a fluid particle.

Tube of Flow:

A tubular region of fluid enclosed by a boundary comprises streamlines is called a tube of flow. Fluid can never cross the boundaries of a tube of flow and therefore, a tube of flow acts as a pipe of the same shape.

Surface Tension and Viscosity:

The surface tension of a liquid is all the time a function of the solid or fluid with which the liquid is in contact. If a value for surface tension is provided in a table for oil, water, mercury, or whatever, and the contacting fluid is unspecified, it is safe to consider that the contacting fluid is air.