Question

A government by officials is called:

• A. Autocracy
• B. Theocracy
• C. Democracy
• D. Bureaucracy

Hint:

Memorize the root meanings — it’s the fastest way to crack one-word substitution questions instantly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

A government that is administered and controlled by a group of officials or administrators rather than elected representatives is known as a bureaucracy.

In a bureaucracy, decisions are made by state officials or administrative departments following fixed rules and procedures, rather than by politicians. It emphasizes a structured hierarchy, division of responsibilities, and adherence to established regulations.

The term comes from the French word ‘bureau’ meaning ‘desk or office,’ and the Greek word ‘kratos’ meaning ‘rule or power.’ Thus, bureaucracy literally means “rule by offices” or “government by officials.”

Bureaucracies are common in modern states where large administrations are required to manage various functions such as taxation, public services, and law enforcement. However, the term can sometimes carry a negative connotation when excessive red tape or rigid procedures slow down efficiency.

Hence, a government by officials is called a bureaucracy.

Final Answer: Bureaucracy