A fluid is in streamline flow across a horizontal
pipe of variable area of cross section. For this
which of the following statements is correct?
- The velocity is maximum at the narrowest part of the pipe and pressure is maximum at the widest part of the pipe.
- Velocity and pressure both are maximum at the narrowest part of the pipe.
- Velocity and pressure both are maximum at the widest part of the pipe.
- The velocity is minimum at the narrowest part of the pipe and the pressure is minimum at the widest part of the pipe.
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Av = constant
Therefore, velocity is maximum at the narrowest
part and minimum at the widest part of the pipe.
According to Bernoulli's theorem for a horizontal
pipe.
$ P+ \frac{1}{2} p v^2 = constant $
Hence, when a fluid flow across a horizontal pipe
of variable area of cross-section its velocity is
maximum and pressure is minimum at the
narrowest part and vice versa.
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Concepts Used:
Mechanical Properties of Fluid
The science of the mechanical properties of fluids is called Hydrostatics. A fluid is a substance that relents to the slightest pressure. Fluids are categorized into two classes famed by the names of liquids, and elastic fluids or gases, which later comprehend the air of the atmosphere and all the different kinds of air with which chemistry makes us acquainted.
Streamline Flow:
A streamline is a curve the tangent to which at any point provides the direction of the fluid velocity at that point. It is comparable to a line of force in an electric or magnetic field. In steady flow, the pattern of the streamline is motionless or static with time, and therefore, a streamline provides the actual path of a fluid particle.
Tube of Flow:
A tubular region of fluid enclosed by a boundary comprises streamlines is called a tube of flow. Fluid can never cross the boundaries of a tube of flow and therefore, a tube of flow acts as a pipe of the same shape.
Surface Tension and Viscosity:
The surface tension of a liquid is all the time a function of the solid or fluid with which the liquid is in contact. If a value for surface tension is provided in a table for oil, water, mercury, or whatever, and the contacting fluid is unspecified, it is safe to consider that the contacting fluid is air.