Question

A college-going student comes to you for her increased weight gain.
How will you manage obesity?

Hint:

Early intervention through lifestyle changes is the cornerstone of obesity management. Pharmacotherapy and surgery are considered when lifestyle changes alone are insufficient.

Answer 1

Obesity management begins with lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. If these measures are insufficient, medications and bariatric surgery may be considered. A multidisciplinary approach that includes support from nutritionists, physical therapists, and mental health professionals is crucial.
The management of obesity involves a comprehensive approach, including lifestyle changes, medical treatment, and sometimes surgical intervention:

Step 1: Lifestyle Modifications
- Dietary Changes: A balanced, calorie-controlled diet with a focus on nutrient-rich foods, reducing intake of high-fat, high-sugar foods, and promoting healthy eating habits.
- Physical Activity: Encouraging at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as walking, cycling, or swimming.
- Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be used to address emotional eating and provide motivation for long-term weight management.

Step 2: Pharmacotherapy
- Orlistat: An over-the-counter medication that reduces the absorption of fat in the intestines.
- GLP-1 Agonists: Medications like Liraglutide that reduce appetite and promote weight loss.
- Phentermine: An appetite suppressant used for short-term weight management.

Step 3: Bariatric Surgery
- Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy: Surgery may be considered for patients with severe obesity (BMI > 40) or those with BMI > 35 with obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes.