A child of blood group O cannot have parents of blood groups
- A and A
- AB and O
- A and B
- B and B
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
- Antigens, molecules located on the surface of red blood cells, play a crucial role in determining blood type.
- Two primary antigenic systems exist: the ABO system and the Rh system.
- Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system, identifying three distinct types of RBC antigens: A, B, and O.
- The presence or absence of the three alleles—A, B, and O—constituting the ABO gene determines an individual's blood type.
- Each variant of the same gene is referred to as an allele. The presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells dictates the various blood types.
- Alleles A and B generate type A and type B antigens, respectively, while allele O does not produce any antigen.
Consequently, based on the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells, four blood groups can be identified: Group A, Group B, Group AB, and Group O.
So, the correct option is (B): AB and O.
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Concepts Used:
Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Mutation
A Mutation is a change in the sequence of our DNA base pairs caused by numerous environmental stimuli such as UV light or mistakes during DNA replication. Germline mutations take place in the eggs and sperm and can be passed onto offspring, whereas somatic mutations take place in body cells and are not passed on.
Types of Mutations
There are three types of mutations, which are as follows:
Silent mutation
It refers to any change in DNA sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence in a protein or the functions that a protein performs. There is no phenotypic indication that a mutation has occurred.
Nonsense mutation
When there is a change in the sequence of base pairs due to a point mutation, that results in a stop codon. This leads to a protein that is either shortened or non-functional.
Missense mutation
A missense mutation occurs when a point mutation causes a change in the codon, which then codes for another amino acid.
The mutation is caused by the following factors:
Internal Causes
When DNA copies incorrectly, the majority of mutations occur. Evolution occurs as a result of all of these mutations. DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. When a copy of DNA isn't flawless, it's called a mutation since it differs somewhat from the original DNA.
External Causes
When certain chemicals or radiations are used to break down DNA, it causes the DNA to break down. The thymine dimers are broken by UV radiation, resulting in altered DNA.