A bat emits ultrasonic sound of frequency 1000 kHz in air. If the sound meets a water surface, what is the wavelength of (a) the reflected sound, (b) the transmitted sound? Speed of sound in air is 340 m s –1 and in water 1486 m s–1 .
Solution and Explanation
Frequency of the ultrasonic sound, ν = 1000 kHz = 106 Hz
Speed of sound in air, va = 340 m/s
The wavelength (λr) of the reflected sound is given by the relation:
\(λ_r=\frac{v}{v}\)
\(=\frac{340}{10^6}=3.4×10^{-4}\) m
Frequency of the ultrasonic sound, ν = 1000 kHz = 106 Hz
Speed of sound in water, vw = 1486 m/s
The wavelength of the transmitted sound is given as:
\(λ_1=\frac{1486}{10^6}=1.49*10^{-3}\,m\)
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Concepts Used:
Transverse Waves
Transverse waves are a type of wave in which the disturbance moves perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation. In other words, the particles of the medium through which the wave is travelling oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave's movement.
Examples of transverse waves include light waves, electromagnetic waves, and waves on a string or rope. In these types of waves, the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.
Transverse waves have several characteristics that define their behavior. One of these is wavelength, which is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs in the wave. Another characteristic is frequency, which is the number of waves that pass a given point per unit time. The amplitude of a transverse wave is the maximum displacement of the particles of the medium from their equilibrium position.
Also Read: Amplitude Formula
Transverse waves can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted, just like other types of waves. They obey the laws of superposition, which means that the displacement of the medium caused by two waves passing through each other is equal to the sum of their individual displacements.
Transverse waves have many practical applications, such as in the transmission of information through fiber-optic cables, the creation of images in microscopy, and in the production of electromagnetic radiation for various uses.