Question

A 70-year-old gentleman comes with lower urinary symptoms. You suspect benign enlarged prostate.
What are the complications of BPH?

Hint:

Acute urinary retention is a medical emergency in BPH. Early treatment can prevent complications like kidney damage or infections.

Answer 1

Step 1: Acute Urinary Retention.
- This is one of the most common and serious complications of BPH, where the patient is unable to pass urine. It is often caused by a sudden worsening of the prostate obstruction and requires immediate catheterization.

Step 2: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).
- Due to incomplete bladder emptying, residual urine can increase the risk of UTIs in patients with BPH. Symptoms may include dysuria, frequency, and urgency.

Step 3: Bladder Stones.
- Chronic urinary retention and incomplete bladder emptying can lead to the formation of bladder stones, which may cause pain, hematuria, and further obstruction.

Step 4: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
- Long-term bladder outlet obstruction can lead to increased pressure in the kidneys, potentially causing hydronephrosis and, over time, leading to renal dysfunction.

Step 5: Hematuria.
- Blood in the urine can occur due to the increased pressure in the bladder, rupture of small blood vessels in the prostate, or infection.

Step 6: Conclusion.
BPH can lead to several complications, especially if left untreated. Timely intervention can help prevent or manage these complications effectively.