The image provided corresponds to a case of Herpes Zoster, commonly known as shingles. To identify this, we evaluate the common characteristics and presentation of the conditions listed in the options:
- Herpes Zoster (Correct Answer): It is characterized by a painful rash that typically appears in a band or a strip on one side of the body, following a dermatomal distribution. This condition is caused by the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV).
- Smallpox: This features a more generalized distribution with pustular lesions that are most concentrated on the face and extremities. It's now eradicated globally.
- Chickenpox: Caused by the initial infection with VZV, it presents with generalized, itchy vesicular rash usually starting on the trunk and spreading outward.
- Atopic Dermatitis: This manifests as a chronic skin condition with itchy, inflamed skin but lacks the vesicular and unilateral distribution associated with Herpes Zoster.
Given these characteristics, the image aligns most closely with Herpes Zoster.