List of top Logical Reasoning Questions

Complete the following series: B, DEF, HIJKLMN, _____?

BCXHADBT is written as 23681422 in a certain code. How is KTLVPTBA written in that code?

Statement: The rise of independent bookstores in recent years has sparked a renewed interest in reading and community engagement, offering curated selections that reflect local tastes and values. These bookstores often host events, such as author readings and book clubs, creating spaces for meaningful conversations and connections among readers. However, some critics argue that the increasing popularity of online retailers poses a significant threat to the survival of these independent stores, potentially leading to a homogenisation of literary culture. Others believe that the unique experiences and personal touch offered by independent bookstores can sustain their relevance in a digital age.
Conclusion:
I. Independent bookstores play a crucial role in fostering community and promoting local culture.
II. The unique experiences provided by independent bookstores can help them thrive despite digital competition.
III. Online retailers will inevitably lead to the decline of independent bookstores.
Based on the above statement, which conclusion necessarily follows?

Statement: A fundamental principle of artificial intelligence (AI) development is to ensure that AI systems are designed with fairness and inclusivity in mind. Developers are expected to implement algorithms that do not discriminate against any demographic group, as bias in AI can lead to significant societal harm. Furthermore, transparency in how AI models make decisions is essential to building trust among users and stakeholders.
Conclusion:
I. It is inappropriate to criticize AI developers for biased outcomes if they have made efforts to promote fairness and transparency in their models.
II. AI developers must prioritize eliminating biases in their algorithms as a key objective.
Based on the above statement, which conclusion necessarily follows?

Statement: The invention of antibiotics in the early 20th century revolutionised healthcare by drastically reducing mortality rates from infectious diseases and enabling more complex surgeries. However, the overuse of antibiotics in recent decades has contributed to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, posing new health risks. Simultaneously, public health policies have had to balance the benefits of antibiotic use with the dangers of resistance. Some modern pharmaceutical practices focus primarily on maximizing profits, often sidelining the long-term risks of resistance.
Conclusion:
I. Profit-driven motives always undermine public health priorities.
II. Overuse of antibiotics has resulted in significant health challenges.
III. Advances in healthcare can introduce unintended risks over time.
Based on the above statement, which conclusion necessarily follows?

Statement: The discovery of electricity centuries ago led to profound changes in communication, transportation, and industry, significantly altering daily life and economic structures. It is also important to note that the rapid industrialization that followed was accompanied by notable environmental degradation, giving rise to early conservation movements that sought to protect natural resources. Some modern political movements propagate a narrative that portrays technological progress as inherently beneficial, often overlooking the environmental costs associated with it.
Conclusion:
I. Many political movements today ignore the environmental impacts of technological advancements.
II. It is not possible to have industrial progress without environmental degradation.
III. The discovery of electricity has had both positive and negative effects on society.
Based on the above statement, which conclusion necessarily follows?

A recent survey of smartphone users revealed that 70% of respondents believe that data privacy is important. However, only 30% actively use privacy settings on their devices. The survey indicates that a major reason for this is that many users find privacy settings confusing and difficult to navigate.
Which of the following assumption would allow the above statements to be properly drawn ?

Statement: Urban gardening has gained traction in recent years as a way for city dwellers to grow their own food and improve their mental well-being. This movement was partly fuelled by growing concerns about food deserts, environmental sustainability, and the desire for a connection to nature. However, critics argue that urban gardening often does not address the systemic issues of access to fresh food and can sometimes lead to gentrification, where original community members are displaced as property values rise. Despite these criticisms, many individuals find personal fulfilment and community among fellow urban gardeners.
Conclusion:
I. Urban gardening can heighten food insecurity in cities.
II. Many individuals benefit emotionally and socially from participating in urban gardening.
III. Urban gardening can unintentionally contribute to the gentrification of neighbourhoods, harming long-term residents.
Based on the above statement, which conclusion necessarily follows?

Statement: The widespread adoption of social media services in the 21^st century has transformed how people communicate, enabling instant global connections. However, this shift has also contributed to the spread of misinformation, impacting public trust and social cohesion. In response, some governments have introduced stricter regulations, but these efforts raise concerns about potential censorship and freedom of expression. Some activists argue that controlling misinformation through regulation is necessary, even at the expense of individual freedoms.
Conclusion:
I. The rise of social media services has both benefits and drawbacks for society.
II. Governments should prioritize freedom of expression over controlling misinformation.
III. Efforts to regulate misinformation come with complex trade-offs.
Based on the above statement, which conclusion necessarily follows?

In business strategy, the concept of diversification involves expanding a company’s operations into new markets or product lines to reduce risk and enhance growth potential. Though, diversification can lead to increased revenue streams and a more resilient business model, critics contend that diversification can dilute a company’s core competencies and result in inefficiencies, ultimately harming overall performance.
Which of the following assumption would allow the above statements to be properly drawn?

In education policy, the concept of inclusive education advocates for integrating students with disabilities into mainstream classrooms to promote diversity and equal opportunities. However, critics claim that focusing too much on inclusion can strain resources and may lead to a decline in educational quality for students both with and without disabilities.
Which of the following arguments would most strengthen the critics position?

Recent studies indicate that the implementation of remote work policies has led to an increase in employee productivity in many companies. Factors contributing to this trend include reduced commuting time, greater flexibility in work hours, and the ability for employees to create personalised work environments. However, the studies also note that employees who work remotely may experience feelings of isolation and disconnection from their colleagues, which could impact team cohesion and communication. Companies that have adopted remote work policies are now considering whether to continue, modify, or return to traditional in-office work arrangements.
Which of the following conclusion can be most accurately drawn from the above ?

In scientific inquiry, the hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the relationship between variables. According to the scientific method, the validity of a hypothesis is determined by its ability to withstand empirical testing and produce consistent results. Critics of this approach argue that relying solely on empirical data can lead to the neglect of theoretical frameworks that provide context for understanding phenomena.
Which of the following assumption would allow the above statements to be properly made?

A consumer advocacy group published a report accusing Alpha Electronics Company of producing faulty products, misleading advertising, and failing to provide adequate customer service. The report presented various customer testimonials and product reviews as evidence of these issues.
Which of the following assumptions, if true, most strengthens the advocacy group’s claims?

All International Court of Justice (ICJ) judgments are binding on parties involved in the case. Some ICJ judgments have persuasive value in domestic courts. Judgments of domestic courts can be referenced by the ICJ, but they are not binding.
Examine the following statements:
I. Some ICJ judgments are binding on domestic courts.
II. Some domestic court judgments are binding on the ICJ.
III. ICJ judgments can be used to strengthen arguments in domestic courts.
Select the correct option :

All gadgets are machines. Some gadgets are tools. All machines are useful.
Examine the following statements:
I. Some tools are useful.
II. All that is useful are machines.
III. All tools are gadgets.
Select the correct option :

All drivers are Tall. Some Tall persons violate traffic lights. All who violate traffic lights are fined. B is Tall.
Examine the following statements:
I. B is a driver.
II. B may violate a traffic light.
III. B will definitely violate traffic light.
IV. If B is a driver, he will get fined.
V.  B will definitely get fined.
Select the correct option :

Some Hyenas are Lions. All Lions are Cats. Some Cats are Wolves.
Examine the following statements:
I. Some Cats are Lions.
II. Some Wolves are Lions.
III. Some Cats are Hyenas.
Select the correct option :

All Engineers are Mathematicians. Some Mathematicians are Authors. No Author
is a Scientist. Some Engineers are Scientists. Examine the following statements:
I. No Author is an Engineer.
II. Some Scientists are Engineers.
III. Some Mathematicians are not Scientists.
Select the correct option :

All Squirrels are Herbivores. Some Herbivores are Elephants. All Elephants are Mammals. Some Mammals are Carnivores. Examine the following statements:
I. Some Mammals are Herbivores.
II. All Elephants are Squirrels.
III. Some Carnivores are Herbivores.
Select the correct option :

India is poised for rapid economic growth, potentially spurred by a young population driving production and demand. In the process, inevitably, lifestyles are being dramatically altered for the worse. India now reports the highest growth of ultra-processed food consumption among the youth, as well as low levels of exercise and adequate sleep. Cultural changes, including smartphones and a preponderance of English in schools, are also associated with weakened family relationships. Until recently, in the absence of extensive data, the role of these factors on mental well-being, encompassing our full range of mental capability, was not well understood. Recent findings based on a large database of over 1,50,000 individuals in India are beginning to shed light on the correlates of mental well-being among adolescents. The findings are dire. There is a silent epidemic of mental ill-health in India. Previous studies have found that ownership of smartphones is” frying” the brain. Data also suggests that it is not merely the ownership of a phone but also the early age of access that is associated with worse cognition and mental well-being as young adults. The young brain is developing and must be nurtured. These gadgets are handed to adolescents, presumably more out of convenience than sound logic. The American philosopher David Henry Thoreau remarked over 175 years ago,” Technology is an improved means to an unimproved end.” This is an extreme position but one worth mulling. India reports the highest growth in consumption of ultra-processed foods. Some evidence suggests that these foods are as addictive as smoking. Recent data globally and from India shows a strong association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and poor mental well-being, particularly the capacities for emotional and cognitive control.

Read the information carefully and answer the questions based on the seating arrangement:
“Ram, Shyam, Rohit, Mohit, Rohan, Sohan, Mohan, Rakesh and Suresh are sitting around a circle facing the centre. Rohit is third to the left of Ram. Rohan is fourth to the right of Ram. Mohit is fourth to the left of Suresh who is second to the right of Ram. Sohan is third to the right of Shyam. Mohan is not an immediate neighbour of Ram.”

While a majority of homeless groups exist solely in modernized cultures, homelessness remains a problem throughout the world. Everywhere there are people in constant search of food, water, and shelter. Many of these people have nowhere to go and can find no end or relief to their suffering. Homelessness was originally believed to be a cultural problem but is now revealing itself as a global problem. It is a problem suffered by all of humanity and must be faced and solved as such. Although this problem exists everywhere, it is more severe in certain parts of the world. Due to the differing circumstances of homelessness around the world, there can be no one solution or one set of guidelines for everyone to follow.
Even the United States constantly struggles with homelessness, despite being one of the wealthiest countries in the world. According to a 2005 survey by the United Nations, 1.6 billion people lack adequate housing. The causes vary depending on the place and person. Common reasons include a lack of affordable housing, poverty, a lack of mental health services, and more. Homelessness is rooted in systemic failures that fail to protect those who are most vulnerable. Approximately 580,000 people experience homelessness on any given night in the United States, as stated by the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Department. The number of individuals experiencing homelessness varies by region, with urban areas experiencing higher rates of homelessness compared to rural areas. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated homelessness and housing insecurity, leading to increased rates of eviction, unemployment, and housing instability. Using social distancing measures to curb the virus’s transmission has presented difficulties for homeless shelters and service providers in main training their capacity. The economic fallout from the pandemic has further strained resources and support systems for individuals and families experiencing homelessness.

Being a consultant, your work consists of a deep examination of the company’s environment and its internal system to notice inefficiencies and potential improvements. The interaction with the company’s management and different sections to decipher their objectives, opportunities, and processes. This means that, through the use of data analysis, industry best practices, and the formulation of creative ways of solving all problems, to come up with unique solutions to all problems to increase efficiency and productivity, and hence, increase profitability for employers. This might entail operations such as logistics redesign, business process re-engineering, adopting new applications, systems, or even community relation programs. People management is a critical component of change management, to make sure that all the relevant parties interpret the potential alterations positively. Also, to offer orientation and create resources to explain the changes to the group and make it comfortable with the shift. The general goal is the organization’s ability to continue to grow and remain relevant with the shareholders and stakeholders in the industries it operates

Section P shows three views of a regular dice. TEN of such regular dice are stacked on an opaque table as shown in Section Q (two views of the same arrangement). What is the maximum sum that can be achieved adding the numbers on the visible surfaces from all angles?