List of top Logical Reasoning Questions

All scientists hold Ph.D. Some engineers are scientists. No scientist works without access to the laboratory. Which of the following are the most appropriate conclusions?
I. All scientists work in the laboratory.
II. Some engineers have Ph.D.
III. All engineers are scientists.
Select the most appropriate option:
Anamika complains that in her debate club, she is always assigned to the less-preferred side of the argument, while another member consistently gets the more popular choice. Which of the following, if true, supports Anamika's complaint?
The phenomenon of urbanisation has led to significant changes in social structures and community interactions. As people migrate from rural areas to cities, they often face challenges such as increased cost of living, social isolation, and a disconnection from their traditional support networks. Studies indicate that urban residents tend to form new types of relationships, often relying on informal networks and community groups to adapt to their new environments. While urban living can foster innovation and economic opportunities, it can also contribute to feelings of loneliness and a decline in mental health if social connections are not established.

If the above is true, which of the following conclusions is most contradicted by it?
All teachers are creative people. All creative people are sensitive. No insensitive person is a teacher. Which of the following conclusions necessarily follows?
I. Some sensitive people are teachers.
II. All sensitive people are teachers.
III. No teacher is insensitive.
Select the correct option:
All renewable energy sources reduce carbon emissions. Some renewable energy sources are expensive to install. Solar energy is a renewable energy resource.
Consider the following conclusions:
I. Solar energy reduces carbon emissions.
II. All expensive energy sources are renewable.
III. Some renewable energy resources are not expensive.
Select the most appropriate option:
Congestion pricing approach reduces peak-hour car trips in several cities. Which assumption supports using it in a new city?
The phenomenon of urbanisation has led to significant changes in social structures and community interactions. As people migrate from rural areas to cities, they often face challenges such as increased cost of living, social isolation, and a disconnection from their traditional support networks. Studies indicate that urban residents tend to form new types of relationships, often relying on informal networks and community groups to adapt to their new environments. While urban living can foster innovation and economic opportunities, it can also contribute to feelings of loneliness and a decline in mental health if social connections are not established.

If the above is true, which of the following can be most readily inferred from the passage?
All Emails are Messages. Some Messages are Urgent. No Urgent Messages are Casual. Which of the following conclusions necessarily follows?
I. Some Emails are Casual.
II. Some Messages are not Casual.
III. All Urgent Messages are Emails.
Select the most appropriate option:
Roots : Tree = Foundation : ?
Principle: Negligence may be inferred when the incident causing harm is of a kind that ordinarily does not occur without someone’s negligence, the instrumentality or control that caused the harm was under the defendant’s management, and the plaintiff did not contribute to the harm.
Fact: Anita visits a hospital for a routine check-up. While waiting in the lobby, a large ceiling fan suddenly detaches and falls, injuring her shoulder. The hospital authorities claim that the fan had been regularly serviced and no defect was known before the accident.
Applying only the given principle to the fact, is the hospital liable? Select the most appropriate option:
Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage intake correlates with higher cavity rates. A claim is made that such beverages cause cavities. Which, if true, most weakens the causal claim?
Keyboard : Typist = Paintbrush : ?
A city plans to replace cash bus fares with a QR-only system to reduce revenue leakage. Critics argue ridership among the elderly will drop. Which assumption best supports the critics?
Principle: A public official must avoid conflicts of interest that could undermine public trust, even if no actual wrongdoing occurs.
Facts: A city mayor awards a major construction contract to a company owned by her cousin. She discloses the relationship publicly and follows all procurement procedures.
Apply the principle and select the most appropriate option:
Justice : Law = ?
Oxygen : Lungs = Fuel : ?
Principle: A driver is responsible for controlling their vehicle and avoiding harm to pedestrians, unless the pedestrian acted recklessly or unlawfully.
Facts: A driver hits a pedestrian who suddenly runs across the road outside a crosswalk without looking. The driver was obeying all traffic rules.
Which of the following is correct?
Author : Book = Composer : ?
Shopkeepers are Big. Some Big persons violate night curfew. All who violate night curfew are fined. Anil is Big.
Examine the statements:
I. Anil is a Shopkeeper
II. Anil may violate night curfew
III. Anil will definitely violate night curfew
IV. If Anil is a shopkeeper, he will get fined
V. Anil will definitely get fined
Select the correct option:
Some cyclists are marathoners. All marathoners train rigorously. Some trainees are amateurs. Which conclusion necessarily follows?
In a language laboratory, students were given an interesting puzzle involving the word "ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH." The teacher explained that such exercises not only test logical skills but also sharpen attention to detail. According to the challenge, the word had to undergo a series of transformations. First, the class was asked to take the first half of the letters, reverse their order and make the arrangement of letters look quite different from the original. Next, the students were told to identify the last but one letter of the original word and place it at the very beginning, a step that changed the opening appearance of the sequence completely. Finally, as a finishing touch, they had to add the letter 'S' at the end. Following these steps carefully would lead them to the correct transformed word, and only those who adhered to each condition in the exact order could solve the puzzle successfully. (150 words)

On the night of October 12th, the "Sunburst Medallion" was stolen from the highly secured display case in the city museum. The theft occurred sometime between the museum closing at 10:00 PM and the night guard, Mr. Hemant, completing his final round at 1:00 AM. Three primary suspects were identified, all of whom had recently been dismissed from their museum positions: Anjali, the former curator; Bharat, the former security expert; and Chitra, the former exhibits designer.

Here are the established facts and their alibis:

  • The security system logs show that the display case was opened using a specific five-digit code, which only Anjali and the museum director (who was out of the country) knew.
  • Bharat's alibi is that he was at a distant relative's birthday party from 8:00 PM to 1:30 AM. Multiple independent witnesses confirmed his presence throughout the entire period.
  • Chitra's alibi is that she was working late at a downtown graphic design studio. A time-stamped security camera from the studio's entrance shows her entering at 7:00 PM and exiting at 11:45 PM. The studio is a 20-minute drive from the museum.
  • Mr. Hemant, the night guard, stated he checked the medallion at 10:30 PM, and it was still there.

Further investigation revealed that a small, distinctive silver button was found near the display case. Anjali is known to frequently wear a coat with similar unique silver buttons. The security expert, Bharat, had previously boasted that he could remotely disable a certain type of magnetic lock—the same type used on the medallion's case—without needing the code, though the log suggests the code was used. (269 words)

In a small town lived a close-knit family where every relation could be expressed through simple symbols. For instance, when they said \( A \times B \), it meant \( A \) is the father of \( B \), while \( A \div B \) meant \( A \) is the mother of \( B \). The younger ones were often introduced with \( A + B \), meaning \( A \) was the daughter of \( B \), and the bond of brotherhood was shown by \( A - B \) (A is brother of B).

One day, the children in the family turned these symbols into a playful code. Instead of introducing their parents and siblings in words, they spoke only in symbols. “Look,” giggled little Meena, “\( M + N \div O \)!” Everyone laughed, because they knew it meant Meena was the daughter of \( N \), and \( N \) was the mother of \( O \), making her \( O \)’s sister. What started as a code soon became a family game, making the bonds of father, mother, daughter, and brother not just relations, but symbols of love and togetherness. (165 words)

Four teams – Red (R), Blue (B), Green (G), and Yellow (Y) – are competing in the final four rounds of the Inter-School Science Olympiad, labeled Round A, Round B, Round C, and Round D. Each round consists of one match between two teams, and every team plays exactly two matches. No team plays the same opponent more than once.

The final schedule must adhere to the following rules:

  • Rule 1 (Consecutive Play): The Green team (G) must play their two matches in consecutive rounds.
  • Rule 2 (Fixed Appearance): The Yellow team (Y) must play in Round B.
  • Rule 3 (Positional Constraint): The Red team (R) must play against the Blue team (B) in a round that is immediately before a round in which neither R nor B is playing.
  • Rule 4 (Timing): The Blue team's (B) first match must occur in an earlier round than the Green team's (G) first match.
  • Rule 5 (Opponent Link): The team that plays against the Red team (R) in the round that is not against the Blue team (B), is the same team that plays in Round D.

(193 words)

Which would be the proper order of the following in ascending order?
Trillion
Thousand
Billion
Hundred
Million