List of top Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Questions

Let the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation values for the attribute income of data scientists be ₹46000, ₹170000, ₹96000, and ₹21000, respectively. The z-score normalized income value of 106000 is closest to which ONE of the following options ?

Consider sorting the following array of integers in ascending order using an in-place Quicksort algorithm that uses the last element as the pivot.

60

70

80

90

100

The minimum number of swaps performed during this Quicksort is ________.

Consider performing uniform hashing on an open address hash table with load factor \(α = \frac{n}{m}< 1\), where n elements are stored in the table with m slots. The n m expected number of probes in an unsuccessful search is at most \(\frac{1}{1-\alpha}\)
Inserting an element in this hash table requires at most ______ probes, on average.

Consider a database that includes the following relations :
Defender(name, rating, side, goals)
Forward(name, rating, assists, goals)
Team(name, club, price)
Which ONE of the following relational algebra expressions checks that every name occurring in Team appears in either Defender or Forward, where Φ denotes the empty set ?

For any binary classification dataset, let \(S_B\in \R^{d\times d}\) and \(S_W\in \R^{d\times d}\) be the between-class and within-class scatter (covariance) matrices, respectively. The Fisher linear discriminant is defined by \(u^* \in \R ^d\), that maximizes
\(J(u)=\frac{u^TS_Bu}{u^TS_Wu}\)
If λ = J(u*), S_W is non-singular and S_B ≠ 0, then (u*, λ) must satisfy which ONE of the following equations ?
Note : R denotes the set of real numbers.

Consider five random variables U, V, W, X, and Y whose joint distribution satisfies :
P(U, V, W, X,Y) = P(U)P(V)P(W|U,V)P(X|W)P(Y|W)
Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE ?

Let h₁ and h₂ be two admissible heuristics used in A* search.
Which ONE of the following expressions is always an admissible heuristic ?

Consider the following statement :
In adversarial search, α - β pruning can be applied to game trees of any depth where a is the (m) value choice we have formed so far at any choice point along the path for the MAX player and ẞ is the (n) value choice we have formed so far at any choice point along the path for the MIN player.
Which ONE of the following choices of (m) and (n) makes the above statement valid ?

For any twice differentiable function ƒ: R → R, if at some x* ∈ R, f'(x*) = 0 and f'(x*) > 0, then the function f necessarily has a ______ at x = x*.
Note : R denotes the set of real numbers.

Match the items in Column 1 with the items in Column 2 in the following table :

Column 1		Column 2
(p)	First In First Out	(i)	Stacks
(q)	Lookup Operation	(ii)	Queues
(r)	Last In First Out	(iii)	Hash Tables

Euclidean distance based k-means clustering algorithm was run on a dataset of 100 points with k = 3. If the points \(\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}\) and \(\begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}\) are both part of cluster 3, then which ONE of the following points is necessarily also part of cluster 3 ?

Consider performing depth-first search (DFS) on an undirected and unweighted graph G starting at vertex s. For any vertex u in G, d[u] is the length of the shortest path from s to u. Let (u, v) be an edge in G such that d[u] < d[v]. If the edge (u, v) is explored first in the direction from u to v during the above DFS, then (u, v) becomes a _____ edge.

Match the items in Column 1 with the items in Column 2 in the following table :

Column 1		Column 2
(p)	Principal Component Analysis	(i)	Discriminative Model
(q)	Naïve Bayes Classification	(ii)	Dimensionality Reduction
(r)	Logistic Regression	(iii)	Generative Model

Consider the following statements :
(i) The mean and variance of a Poisson random variable are equal.
(ii) For a standard normal random variable, the mean is zero and the variance is one.
Which ONE of the following options is correct ?

Three fair coins are tossed independently. T is the event that two or more tosses result in heads. S is the event that two or more tosses result in tails. What is the probability of the event T ∩ S?

Consider the matrix \(M=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -1 \\ 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\).
Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE ?

R(UVWXYZ)

Which FD can be determined from the above FD Set?

How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using digit 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 but it should be divisible by 3.

Find the sum of 2 + \(\frac{1}{2}\)+ \(\frac{1}{3}\) + \(\frac{1}{4}\) + \(\frac{1}{8}\)+ \(\frac{1}{9}\) + \(\frac{1}{16}\) +\(\frac{1}{27}\).

Solve the following query:

What is the minimum number of comparison in place quicksort of 60 70 80 90 100 pivot is the last element?

Which algorithm sort the array in exactly using 2 swap [4,3,2,1,5]?

Match the following:

When 3 coins are tossed,what is the prob of getting 2 heads 1 tail intersection 2 tails one head?

Find P(TIS) if P(T') = 0.6 P(SIT)=0.3 P(S(T')=0.3