Question

Write chemical reactions for the following conversions: Ethyl bromide to ethyl methyl ether, Ethyl bromide to ethene, Bromobenzene to toluene, Chlorobenzene to biphenyl.

Hint:

Nehru's foreign policy was characterized by non-alignment and advocacy for global peace.

Answer 1

Step 1: Ethyl Bromide to Ethyl Methyl Ether: \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{CH}_3\text{ONa} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OCH}_3 + \text{NaBr}. \]
Step 2: Ethyl Bromide to Ethene: \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Br} \xrightarrow{\text{alc. KOH}, \Delta} \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{HBr}. \]
Step 3: Bromobenzene to Toluene: \[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{CH}_3\text{Cl} \xrightarrow{\text{Na, dry ether}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3 + \text{NaBr} + \text{NaCl}. \] (Alternatively, via Grignard: \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Br} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{MgBr} \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_3\text{Cl}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3 \).)
Step 4: Chlorobenzene to Biphenyl: \[ 2\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} \xrightarrow{\text{Na, dry ether}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{-C}_6\text{H}_5 + 2\text{NaCl}. \] (Ullmann reaction can also be used with Cu catalyst.)