Question

Write an essay on genetic code.

Hint:

Remember: AUG is the universal start codon, while UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons.

Answer 1

The genetic code is the set of rules by which the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is translated into proteins (sequence of amino acids). It is universal for almost all organisms, showing the unity of life. Characteristics of Genetic Code: \begin{enumerate} \item Triplet Code: Each amino acid is coded by a sequence of three nucleotides called a codon. \item Unambiguous: One codon codes for only one amino acid. \item Degenerate: Multiple codons may code for the same amino acid (e.g., GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG all code for Glycine). \item Universal: Same codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms. \item Start and Stop Codons: AUG codes for Methionine (start codon), while UAA, UAG, and UGA act as stop codons. \end{enumerate} Importance: The genetic code ensures accurate protein synthesis, which is essential for cellular functions, growth, and inheritance. Mutations in the genetic code can lead to genetic disorders or variations. Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The genetic code is a universal triplet code that directs protein synthesis in all organisms.}} \]