Why is benzene extra ordinarily stable though it contains three double bonds?
Solution and Explanation
Benzene is a hybrid of resonating structures given as:
All six carbon atoms in benzene are sp2 hybridized. The two sp2 hybrid orbitals of each carbon atom overlap with the sp2 hybrid orbitals of adjacent carbon atoms to form six sigma bonds in the hexagonal plane. The remaining sp2 hybrid orbital on each carbon atom overlaps with the s-orbital of hydrogen to form six sigma C-H bonds. The remaining unhybridizedp-orbital of carbon atoms has the possibility of forming three π bonds by the lateral overlap of \(C_1-C_2,\ C_3-C_4,\ C_5-C_6\ \text {or}\ C_4-C_5,\ C_6-C_1\).
The six \(\pi's\) are delocalized and can move freely about the six carbon nuclei. Even after the presence of three double bonds, these delocalized \(\pi\)-electrons stabilize benzene.
Top Questions on Aromatic Hydrocarbon
- Among the following :
The set which represents aromatic species is- KCET - 2023
- Chemistry
- Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Chiral complex from the following is
- JEE Main - 2023
- Chemistry
- Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Match List I with List II
List-I Reaction List-II Reagents (A) Hoffmann Degradation (I) Conc.KOH,\(\triangle\) (B) Clemenson reduction (II) CHCl3, NaOH/H3O+ (C) Cannizaro reaction (III) Br2, NaOH (D) Reimer-Tiemann Reaction (IV) Zn-Hg/HCl Choose the correct answer from the option given below:
- JEE Main - 2023
- Chemistry
- Aromatic Hydrocarbon
- Which of the following compound(s) is/are aromatic?
- IIT JAM BT - 2023
- Chemistry
- Aromatic Hydrocarbon
The aromatic compound/species with maximum number of x - electrons is
- TS EAMCET - 2023
- Chemistry
- Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Questions Asked in CBSE Class XI exam
- Find the sum to indicated number of terms in each of the geometric progressions in 1, – a, \(a^2\), –\(a^3\), ... n terms (if a ≠ – 1).
- CBSE Class XI
- geometric progression
- Find n if n-1P3: nP3 = 1: 9.
- CBSE Class XI
- Permutations
- Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case.(a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography.
- CBSE Class XI
- Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques
- Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when he started going to the city school.
- CBSE Class XI
- The Portrait of a lady
- Draw diagrams showing the formation of a double bond and a triple bond between carbon atoms in \(C_2H_4\) and \(C_2H_2\) molecules.
- CBSE Class XI
- Bond Parameters
Concepts Used:
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Aromatic hydrocarbons, sometimes known as arenes, are aromatic organic molecules made up entirely of carbon and hydrogen. In aromatic compounds a benzene ring which is named after the simple aromatic chemical benzene, or a phenyl group when part of a larger structure, is the configuration of six carbon atoms.
Read More: Aromaticity
Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
1. Aromatic Substitution Reactions
This reaction involves the replacement of one substituent on the ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon, commonly a hydrogen atom, by a different substituent group.
The common types of aromatic substitution reactions are:
- Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
- Radical nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions
2. Coupling Reactions
In these types of reactions, the coupling of two fragments that have a radical nature is achieved with the help of a metal catalyst