Question

Who led the Virashaiva tradition in Karnataka in the twelfth century?

• A. Appar
• B. Sundarar
• C. Karaikkal Ammaiyar
• D. Basavanna

Hint:

Remember: The Virashaiva movement in Karnataka was led by Basavanna, who emphasized equality and devotion to Shiva.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Background.
The Virashaiva or Lingayat movement was a powerful religious reform movement in 12th century Karnataka. It opposed caste distinctions and emphasized devotion to Lord Shiva.
Step 2: Leadership.
Basavanna, a minister in the court of the Kalachuri king Bijjala, was the main leader of this movement. He founded the Anubhava Mantapa, a spiritual parliament where men and women from all castes could discuss religious and social issues.
Step 3: Elimination.
- (A) Appar: A Tamil Shaivite saint from earlier times.
- (B) Sundarar: Another Tamil Shaiva Nayanar saint.
- (C) Karaikkal Ammaiyar: Female saint of the Tamil Shaiva tradition.
- (D) Basavanna: Correct leader of the 12th-century Virashaiva movement in Karnataka.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, Basavanna was the leader of the Virashaiva tradition in 12th century Karnataka.