The ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ was introduced by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. The doctrine stated that if a ruler of a princely state died without a male heir, his state would be annexed by the British East India Company. This policy led to the annexation of several Indian states, including Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur, and it contributed to resentment and dissatisfaction among the Indian rulers.
Thus, the correct answer is (4) Lord Dalhousie.